2017职称英语考试模全真拟试题理工类B级第二套
E1 Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February.The warming tends to last between 9 and 1 2 months and occurs every two to seven years.
The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in the next two years， although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible.
E1 Nino n.厄尔尼诺现象
Equatorial adj.赤道的
Occurrence n.发生
Meteorologist n.气象学家
Offset v.抵销
Lead adj.提前的
Monsoon n.季风
Tricky adj.难以捉摸的
练习：
1.The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict E1 Nino a few months in advance.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
2. The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past EI Nino occurrences and sea—surface temperatures.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
3. The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past EI Nino occurrences.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
4. Weare's contribution in predicting E1 Nino，was highly praised by other meteorologists.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
5. According to a Chinese report，the flooding in China caused by E1 Nino in 1 99 1 and 1 997 affected 200 million Chinese people.
A.right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
6. It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak.
A.right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
7. A special institute has been set up in America to study E1 Nino.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 （每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1——4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2——5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5——8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Soot and Snow：a Hot Combination
l New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow.According to a computer simulation，black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century.
2 Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth.where ice is more common，absorbs more of the sun's energy and warmth than an icy， white background.Dark-colored black carbon，or soot，absorbs sunlight，while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight.
3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play all important role in climate change.Als0，if snow and ice covered areas begin melting.the warming effect increases，as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface.“This provides a positive feedback，as glaciers and ice sheet smelt，they tend to get even dirtier，” said Dr.James Hansen，a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies，NewYork.
4 Hansen found soot's effect on snow albedo（solar energy reflected back to space），which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere，such as thinning Arctic sea ice，melting glaciers and permafrost.Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.
5 “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space，thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon~，”Hansen said.Soot's increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world's climate. “This forcing is unusually effective，causing twice as much global warming as a carbon.dioxide forcing of the same magnitude，”Hansen noted.
6 Hansen cautioned.although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial，it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century.Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing f10r也e rest of this century.
7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was 1arge in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes.These observations were consistent with the researchers' climate model simulations，which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.
词汇：
soot n.煤烟，煤灰
emission n.释放，散发，排放
simulation v.模拟
latitude n.纬度
glacier n.冰川，冰河
albedo n.反照率
permafrost n.永冻层
forcing n.温室作用
dioxide n.二氧化物
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