大学英语四级考试阅读笔记(13)
A) The possibility of government support for such a task.
B) The need to explore Utah.
C) The need to connect the east coast with the west.
D) The need to develop the railroad industry in the west.
注：1.问题是建设跨洲铁路的目的
2.transcontinental 跨越大洲的 trans -- 跨越
A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement (新拓居地) spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines.
38. The best title for this passage would be ________
A) Settlements Spread Westward
B) The Coast-to-Coast Railroad: A Vital Link
C) American Railroad History
D) The Importance of Railroads in the American Economy
注：本文主题词：transcontinent railroad，A选项直接摘抄，C选项范围过大，D选项railroads范围过大
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●文章标题题型：
1.文章主题词必须在选项中出现
2.选项范围恰如其分，不可过大，亦不可过于细节
范围过大：选项本身范围过大；选项缺少文章中的限定词
范围过细：只出现某一段中心事物的选项
3.直接从文章首句或某句话摘抄词语编成的选项为干扰
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
51. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that
statuses can help us _________.
A) determine whether a person is fit for a certain job
B) behave appropriately in relation to other people
C) protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations
D) make friends with other people
注：status 身份地位
52. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses _________.
A) in order to identify themselves with others
B) in order to better identify others
C) as their mental processes change
D) as the situation changes
注：assume 承担，采取 assuming 在句首相当于 if
53. The word "appraisal" (Line 5, Para. 2) most probably means "___________".
A) involvement
B) appreciation
C) assessment
D) presentation
注：词汇题
54. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun "it" refers to "_________".
A) fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately
B) identification of other people's statuses
C) selecting one's own statuses
D) constant mental process
55. By saying that "an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince"(Lines 2-3, Para. 3), the writer means _________.
A) different people have different styles of clothes
B) ready-made clothes may need alterations
C) statuses come ready made just like clothes
D) our choice of statuses is limited
Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we "fit" in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.
注：1.首句主题句
2.fit 加了引号，意义有所改变
3.property 财产，尤指房产
The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.
注：1.I am nobody 我是无名之辈；somebody 大人物；I am small / big potato 我是小/大人物；
2.this means 解释上一句，所以这句与上一句难句意思应该接近
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