语法的考查重点1
④ 对于完成时的考查有两种,一种是时态本身的选择,另一种是根据时态选择时间状语,如6)。从句时态为过去完成时,表示等到他回来,客人都已经离开了,与完成时态连用的,表示“到……为止”的应该是介词by.
Pactise Yourself
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下面请同学们做《语法分册》第五章 二至四节相关题目。然后对照评析自检。
Test Yourself
刚才我们看了完成时态的考查,现在我们一块来看以下其它时态,请先试做以下各题:
1) Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _____ advertisements showing happy, balanced families.
A. are often seeing B. often see C. will often see D. have often seen (1995.6)
2) While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television _____ the newspaper completely.
A. replaced B. have replaced C. replace D. will replace (1995.6)
3) I'm sorry I can't see you immediately; but if you'd like to take a seat, I'll be with you ____.
A. for a moment B. in a moment C. for the moment D. at the moment (1999.1)
4) If she doesn't tell him the truth now, he'll simply keep on asking her until she _____.
A. does B. has done C. will do D. would do (1998.6)
Explanation and Expansion
A. 参考答案: 1)C 2) D 3) B 4) A
B. 评析
从以上各题可以看到,在解时态考题时应注意一下几点:
① 结合形容词选择时态,如2)。从unlikely一词可以看出从句表示的是将来不大可能发生的事情,自然用一般将来时。类似的形容词还有possible, probable, impossible等。
② 根据时态判断时间状语。如3)。谓语动词为将来时态,说明时间应该是in a moment,表示我一会就去见你。for a moment同样可以与将来时态连用,但表示的是“与某人一块待一小会”,这样就与上文的I can't see you immediately意思上冲突。
③ 注意句型对时态的要求,如1)。该句型中祈使句表示一种条件,第二个分句中一般要用will表示在这种条件下可能发生的事情。但是,本题中often的使用可能会造成一定的迷惑。这就要求考生对各种时态的表达方式,以及其作用了解清楚。Will可以表示习惯。
④ 注意时间、条件和让步状语从句中时态的运用。
一般在时间、条件和让步状语从句中用一般现在时表示一般将来,用一般过去时表示过去将来,用现在完成时表示将来完成,用过去完成时表示过去将来完成。如4)。在如:
He promised to send me an email as soon as he got there.
No one is to leave the room until he has done the task.
但注意特殊句型中的时态,如:
hardly/scarcely …when…
no sooner… than…
Hardly had I put down the receiver when the telephone rang again.
No sooner had they got to know the news than they went to the bar to enjoy a drink.
Self-practice
请同学们做《语法分册》第五章 第六节进行自我训练。
Test Yourself
刚才我们一起分析了时态的考查特点和答题时应该注意的事项,现在我们一起来看一下语态的考查。语态的考查一般都与时态的考查相结合。在解语态题的同时必须考虑时态的因素。请同学们先做以下下列各题:
1) The last half of the nineteenth century ____ the steady improvement in the means of travel.(1998.6)
A. has witnessed B. was witnessed C. witnessed D. is witnessed
2) The grey building is where the workers live, and the white one is where the spare parts ____.(19995.1)
A. are producing B. are produced C. produced D. being produced
3) This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ____ comfortably.
A. is worn B. wears C. wearing D. are worn (2000.1)
4) The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ____ and perfected now.(1996.1)
A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed
5) Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it that much of his collection ____ to the nation.(1996.6)
A. has left B. is to leave C. leaves D. is to be left
6) As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think ____.(1997.6)
A. ought to be said B. must say C. have to be said D. need to say
7) Once environment damage ____, it takes many years for the system to recover.(1997.6)
A. has done B. is to do C. does D. is done
Explanation and Expansion
A. 参考答案:1)C 2) B 3) B 4) C 5) D 6) A 7)D
B. 评析
① 是否可用被动语态主要看谓语动词与句子主语之间的关系,如果是动宾关系自然用被动语态。
② 注意被动语态的各种时态构成,但四级考试中没有正误结构的判断,考生只需要根据上下文判断出该用什么时态即可。
③ 不及物动词不可能有被动语态,但及物动词也未必有被动语态,主要是看句子侧重表达的概念,如3题中wear表示眼镜的特点,不可用被动语态。在如:
This kind of software sells well.
It being too cold, the car wouldn't start.
won't wouldn't表示“拒绝”谓语动词不用被动形式。
④ 注意含有情态动词的被动语态的结构,以及类似的结构,如have to be done, used to be done, be said to be done, be to be done.把握各种结构表示的意思。然后就是根据具体的上下文选择适当的情态动词或时态的问题。
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