语法的考查重点3
Living in the western part of the country has its problems, ____ obtaining fresh water is not the least.
A.with which B.for which C.of which D.which (2000.6)
D. 更多的是看关系词与先行词之间的关系,如:
He has composed many pieces of music popular with young people, of which this is an example.
这里用of which因为,正常的结构是an example of the music.
E. 有时介词与先行词构成短语,如7)题,to which源于to … extent的短语搭配。1997年1月也有一道题考查该短语搭配。
It is useful to be able to predict the extent ________which a price
change will affect supply and demand.
A.from B.with C.to D.for (1997.1)
④ 注意as引导的非限制性定语从句的用法
as引导非限制性定语从句时,可置于句首,也可置于句尾,表示“正如……”。如上面的4)和10)两题。
一般as引导定语从句时,其先行词为整个主句。which引导非限制性定语从句,其先行词也可以是主句或主句中的一部分。但,as从句表示的行为经常是在主句行为之前,而which引导的定语从句表示的却在主句之后,表示连续发生的事情或结果等。如:
He promised to help me, which he did.
He was often late for work, which cost him his job.
⑤ 注意先行词为时间、地点或原因时,关系词的选用。如果用when, where 或why,关系词在从句中应该是做状语,否则的话则应该用which/that等。如上面9)中,先行词在从句中visit的宾语,关系词不能用where,而只能是that/which.再如:
I will never forget the days that I spent with my friends in the country.
⑥ 关系词做代替的成分在从句中不能再次出现。
⑦ 注意定语从句与同位语从句的区别。如:
There are signs ____ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.
A.that B.which C.in which D.whose (2000.6)
由于signs与后面的restaurants没有修饰和被修饰关系,所以whose不对,如果是定语从句,关系词代替signs,而从句中不需要该词。所以这里不是定语从句而是同位语从句,从句表示sign的内容。
⑧ 适当注意that和which的不同,什么情况下只能用that,什么情况下只能用which.
⑨ 注意从句与其它成分的区别,如下题:
As _________announced in today's papers, the Shanghai Export Commoditier Fair is also open on Sundays.
A.being B.is C.to be D.been (1997.1)
这里涉及到从句与非谓语动词的区别,如果是非谓语动词的话,则是保留了连词的非谓语动词做状语,根据announce与句子主语之间的关系,应该什么都不填,这里还是定语从句。答案为B.
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