语法的考查重点4
A.lest B.until C.unless D.provided
③ ____ he works hard, I don't mind when he finishes the experiment.(1998.1)
A.As soon as B.As well as C.As far as D.So long as
从以上考题来看,就条件状语从句而言,同学们应掌握以下几点:
1) unless与其它连词的差别,unless表示的是If …not …的意思。
2) if only或only if是一种强调的条件状语从句。根据if only 与unless肯定与否定条件的差别,可以判断①题答案为A.
3) provided (that)表示唯一的条件,相当于if and only if,on condition that,如②表示“明年只要有钱,我们就去欧洲。”
4) so/as long as表示条件时一般与其它类似短语一同考查,如③,四个短语都可以连接状语从句,但表达意思有别,考试的目的就是考查同学们对句子的理解能力。
5) 另外注意,引导条件状语从句的还可以是suppose/supposing, in case, once等。
4.让步状语从句的连词
引导让步状语从句的连词很多,但结构差别比较大,比较容易掌握,同学们只要能掌握各连词的结构和语义特点,准确把握主从句的关系,让步状语从句则就不过是一块巧克力。先看一下下列各题:
① I've already told you that I'm going to buy it, ___________.
A.however much it costs B.however does it cost much
C.how much does it cost D.no matter how it costs (1996.6)
② ____, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.(2000.6)
A.Although much he likes her B.Much although he likes her
C.As he likes her much D.Much as he likes her
③ ____ the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.(1999.1)
A.Even if B.As far as C.If only D.So long as
④ ____ their differences, the couple were developing an obvious and genuine affection for each other.(1998.1)
A.But for B.For all C.Above all D.Except for
从以上四级真题我们可以看到对让步状语从句的考查特点:一是让步状语从句与其它状语从句的对比,如③,另一种是让步状语从句连词自身的结构功能,如①②两题。下面我们就一起来看让步状语从句的连词功能:
1) although/though连接让步状语从句,表示“尽管”,从句用直陈语序,与汉语的结构类似。
2) as引导的让步状语从句要求用倒装结构,如②题。可提至句首的有名词、原形动词、副词、形容词等。可数名词单数形式不用冠词。如:
Child as he is, he behaves like a grown-up.
Fail as he did, he was not disappointed at all.
Much as I tried, I failed to persuade him.
3) No matter + 疑问词和疑问词 + ever引导让步状语从句,表示“不论谁”“不论什么时间/地点/方式”等等,从句用直陈语序。由此可以判断上面①题答案为A.
4) For all表示让步时后面可以接从句,也可以接名词短语,后接名词时常与其它类似短语比较,如④。注意接从句:
For all that he has a master's degree, I don't think he can outdo me in many aspects.
5) 其它用来引导让步状语从句的还有whether …or, even if, even though,和“动词 + 疑问词+主语+情态动词”,如:
Say what you will, he will turn a deaf year.So it's better to keep silent.
Doubt whom you may, you shouldn't doubt me.
5.方式状语从句的连词
相比之下,方式状语从句则简单了许多,四级考试中还从未涉及此项。用来表示方式的主要是as 和as if/though.如:
I have made the change as you suggested.
I remember the whole thing as if it happened only yesterday.
6.结果状语从句的连词
尽管这几年,四级考试中并没有考题涉及结果状语,同学们还是应该了解以下结果状语从句的一些用法。首先让我们先来熟悉一下结果状语从句所在句式:
1) so … that…/ such …。that
该句式中重要考查的是so和such的区别。应注意以下可能出现的结构:
so nice a boy that…
such a nice boy that…
so beautiful/diligent/carefully … that…
such (fine weather/great improvement) that…
2) so that
Everyone lend a hand, so that the sowing was done in time.
该句式中主要考查so that 与其它短语的区别,如:
I took no notice of him, ___ he flew into a rage.
A.for that B.so that C.in that D.but that
由于so that也可以引导目的状语从句,同学们应特别注意从句中时态的运用。
3) so much so that
该结构用于形容词或副词之后,表示“到如此程度以致于”。如:
He was very weak, so much so that he could not walk.
I long to visit Beijing, so much so that I dream about it every night.
4) 注意结构状语从句与too…。to……enough to…, so… as to结构的不同。
7.目的状语从句的连词
目的状语从句是比较常用的,也是比较简单的状语从句。就目的状语从句而言,第一,同学们应该清楚的是引导目的状语从句各连词所表达的语义差别,对于个别的状语从句中的时态要求应有所了解。具体测试中,主要是根据主从句的语意逻辑关系来判断从句的属性。如:
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