英语教学设计－Canada
3.start后常加不定式或动名词表示“开始做某事”，即start to do或start doing，一般情况下可以互换，但下列情形中，往往选择其中之一。
1)当我们谈论一项长期的习惯性的活动时，用动名词,如：
How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你最初弹钢琴的时候有多大？比较
She sat down at the piano and started to play/playing the piano．她在钢琴前坐下开始弹了 起来。
2)在start本身为进行时态的时候，不使用动名词。
I’m starting to cook the dinner．我正要开始煮饭。
3）以上用法也适合于用begin表“开始”。
注意：在一些习惯用法上，start和begin的搭配不同：
Come along, everybody. Let’s start work at once．
Come along, everybody. Let’s begin to work at once．
伙计们让我们立即干起来吧
Today we start from page 15．
Today we begin at page 15．
今天我们从第 15页开始。
9．So, it is hoped that the way of Inuit life will be kept alive for many mare centuries. 这样，人们希望因纽特的人的生活方式保存更多的世纪。
l）It is hoed that…就相当于People hope that…“人们希望……”这样一个句型，像这样的句型还有：
It is said that…“据说，人们说”
It is reported that…“据报道，有报道说”
It is announced that…“据公布，据报道”
It is suggested that…“据建议，有人建议”例如：
It is said that he is writing a new novel. Or: People say that he is writing a new novel.据说他正在写一部新小说。
It is reported that a fire broke out in that village．据报道那个村庄发生了一场火灾。
It is suggested that the sports meet should be put off to next Friday．有人建议把运动会改在下星期五开。
2）keep…alive使……活着，使……继续保持下去。keep为使动词，意为“使……怎么样”后面可跟形容词、分词及介词短语作宾语补足语，如：
I’m sorry to keep you standing like that．对不起，让你就这么站着。
Please keep the door open．请不要关门。
Keep him away from the wet paint．不要让他靠近未干的油漆。
3）alive adj.常作表语或后置定语，意思是“活着的，存在的，在世上的”，如：
They are the happiest children alive．他们是当代最幸福的孩子们。
An enemy officer was caught alive．一名敌军官被活捉。
After that war, all his fellows died, and only he was alive.那场战争后，他的同伴都死了，惟独他还活着。
10.settle v.
1)定居，安家落户
After years of travel, we decided to settle here.
He settled in the country after his retirement.
2)在某处停歇或停留一时
The bird settled on a branch.
Clouds have settled over the mountain tops.
3)使……平静，镇静，放松
Wait until all the excitement has settled.
He had been quite anxious, but I managed to settle his mind.
4)解决，处理，安排好
Nothing is settled yet.
Weve settled that we will leave next week.
11.refer v.
1)提到，说到，涉及到
When I said some people were stupid, I wasnt referring to you.
Dont refer to this matter again, please.
2)与……有关，关系到……
What I have to say refers to all of you.
3)查询，查找
If you dont know what this means, please refer to a dictionary.
I referred to my watch for the exact time.
12
www.xuehuiba.com.freeze v.
1)结冰，凝固
Water freezes at 0℃.
The government decided to freeze prices for six months.
2)指天气，冷得使水结成冰，严寒
Dont go out in such freezing weather.
It may freeze tonight, so make sure the plants are covered.
3)能冷冻储藏，冷藏
Some fruits dont freeze well at all.
He bought a packet of frozen peas for the girl.
13.struggle against与struggle for
struggle against 和……斗争，相当于fight against。
struggle for 为……而斗争， 相当于fight for。
1）The revolutionaries struggle________ the freedom of all people.
A. for B. with C. against D. to
答案：A
2）They struggled________ the strong wind and finally reached the village.
A. for B. with C. against D .to
答案：C
语法---主谓一致
1．主语在形式上是复数, 而谓语动词则用单数。
1) 表时间、重量、长度、距离等的名词, 尽管是复数形式, 但通常看作一个整体, 谓语动词用单数。
Two hours is not enough for the work.两小时对于这工作是不够的。
2) 以-ics 结尾表示学科名称的名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
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