职称英语（卫生类）模拟试题（一）
36. Along the banks of the Nile, we may expect to find _______.
A. 1300 persons per square mile
B. few inhabitants
C. no inhabitant
D. few settlements
37. The most densely populated continent is ________.
A. Asia
B. Africa
C. Europe
D. North America
38. There are no permanent inhabitants in Antarctica because ________.
A. it is too hot
B. it is too cold
C. there is no transportation
D. it has only recently been discovered
39. Puerto Rico is a land of ________.
A. heavy industrialization
B. poverty
C. intense agriculture
D. large cities
40. Advanced countries of low population density may well have ________.
A. epidemics
B. arable land
C. large rural population
D. large urban population
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Early or Later Day Care
The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.
Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngonim, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone - far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.
But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.
41. Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?
A. Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for children at the age of three or older.
B. Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.
C. The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of personality.
D. Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three.
42. Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby's work?
A. Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.
B. Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child's development.
C. A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems in later life.
D. Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a child's personality.
43. It is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies in that _______.
A. the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in modern societies
B. A child more often grows up with his/her brothers or sisters in traditional societies
C. Mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societies
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