大学英语四级考试阅读笔记(20)
D) encourage young people to pursue a writing career
注：1.主题题。二段首句是文章主题句，本文为文科文章，以态度为切入点。
2.B和C项都是片面负态度，而文章中作者持混合(中立)态度，故可以排除这两项
57. What can be concluded from the passage?
A) Genuine writers often find their work interesting and rewarding.
B) A writer s success depends on luck rather than on effort.
C) Famous writers usually live in poverty and isolation.
D) The chances for a writer to become successful are small.
注：推理题。第二段第二句的同义改写，定位方法：顺序原则(58题的关键词出现在第三段，所以此题应该是在第二段)
The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U.S. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer (自由撰稿者), I had no prospects at all: What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn't even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer.
58. Why did the author begin to doubt himself after the first year of his writing career?
A) He wasn' t able to produce a single book.
B) He hadn't seen a change for the better.
C) He wasn' t able to have a rest for a whole year.
D) He found his dream would never come true.
注：第三段第一句的同义改写，D项中的never 为绝对语气词，故不选
After a year or so, however, I still hadn't gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn't going to be one of those people who die wondering; what if? I would keep putting my dream to the test --- even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.
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按照内容分为两类：
一、文科文章—两点注意：
1.文章态度
2.抓住文章主题
1）把握主题后不会偏差理解
2）与主题相关的选项为优选选项
二、理科文章
1.试验型（Study\Experiment\Research\Test）
2.科技成果型（e.g. Artificial Heart）
3.现象解释型
按照体裁分为三类：
一、 说明文 1.抓住说明对象 2.重要数据事实
二、 议论文 属于文科类文章
三、 记叙文
阅读中难点句型：
一、 多重复合句----关键抓住主句主干成分
二、 多重并列句----两个主句并列在一起，而非主句从句嵌套在一起
三、 强调句----被强调部分为主语、宾语、状语 It is that…
四、 被动句----基本结构 A is done by B
五、 倒装句----否定词 hardly, rarely, seldom, never, not until, not only 引起句子倒装
六、 省略句----e.g. He is a good man, so am I.
建议采用的阅读方法：
一、扫描题干，大致了解题目类型及分布，将其中细节题题干关键词划出。
二、速读原文，遇到题干关键词或其同义词时做适当标记；关注考试原则句。
考试原则句：重要句（各段首句，文章末句，结论、解释句），转折句，条件句，因果关系句，复合句等难句（多重复合、多重并列、强调句、倒装句），时间，数字，人名，比较。
三、定位答案，正确选项为文章对应语句的同义改写。
题型攻略：
一、主题题 (main idea/ mainly/ mainly discuss/mainly concerned/ central/ primary)
两种变体：
1.写作目的题型 purpose of writing
2.文章标题题型 the best title
做题方法：
1.找主题句
2.找主体词（通常在文章中出现频率较高，往往会在第一段出现，且带有概括性的词语）
二、细节题
类型：1.对错题 2.例证题 3.一般细节题
做题方法：准确定位
三、词汇题
类型：1.指代题 2.词义题
做题方法：1.根据上下文关系
2.构词法（词根词缀）
st（位置不变）:stay--stand--stationary--street--star--statue--status
pose（放置）:position-expose (ex向外: exit-export)
propose (pro向前)
suppose (sup/sub在下面: subway--submarine)
depose (de否定)
deposit (de向下)
interpose (inter: internet, international)
背单词方法
1. 词根词缀
2. 阅读记忆
3. 联想记忆
如：handsome（其中：h很，s帅，m嘛→英俊的）
morose（mo没有，rose玫瑰→郁闷的）
ancillary（an + cillary希拉里→辅助的）
4. 推理题 (infer-imply-suggest-indicate-conclude)
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