大学英语四级考试阅读笔记(20)
3.注意结合动词判断所指代为人、事或物
34. The word "them" in Line 7, Para. 2 refers to _________.
A) doctors who treat heart diseases
B) makers of artificial hearts
C) America's health-care programs
D) new models of artificial hearts
注：指代题，按照指代题的作法解题
31. According to the passage the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be ________.
A) a technical failure
B) a technical wonder
C) a good life saver
D) an effective means to treat heart disease
注：对老成果负评价
32. From the passage we know that Symbion Inc. ________.
A) has been banned by the government from producing artificial hearts
B) will review the effects of artificial hearts before designing new models
C) may continue to work on new models of reliable
artificial hearts
D) can make new models of artificial hearts available on the market in 10 to 20 years
注：屡败屡战。A 选项为泛指而文章为特指；B 选项为窜段选项，另外选项中的 artificial hearts 扩大了文章中的指代范围。
二段首句：The recall may hurt Symbion Inc, maker of the Jarvik-7, but it won't end the request for an artificial heart.
33. The new models of artificial hearts are expected _________.
A) to have a working life of 10 or 20 years
B) to be set fully in the patient's chest
C) to be equipped with an external power source
D) to create a new passage for infection
注：第二段考新成果的技术特点
35. Some people feel that _________.
A) artificial hearts are seldom effective
B) the country should not spend so much money on artificial hearts
C) the country is not spending enough money on artificial hearts
D) America's health-care programs are not doing enough for the nation's health
注：定位第二段 But some people are already worrying ...
The recall may hurt Symbion Inc, maker of the Jarvik-7, but it won't end the request for an artificial heart. One problem with the banned model is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage for infection (感染). Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, along with a tiny power pack, in the patient's chest. The first sample products aren't expected for another 10 or 20 years. But some people are already worrying that they'll work - and that America's overextended health-care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients. If such expenditures (开支) cut into funding for more basic care, the net effect could actually be a decline in the nation's health.
www.xuehuiba.com
Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage:
66. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward _________.
A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards
B) the amount of monetary rewards for student's creativity
C) the study of relationship between actions and their consequences
D) the effects of external rewards on students' performance
67. What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?
A) They have no doubts about them.
B) They have doubts about them.
C) They approve of them.
D) They avoid talking about them.
68. Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?
A) Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.
B) Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.
C) Giving them rewards they really deserve.
D) Giving them rewards they anticipate.
69. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe _________.
A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students
B) punishment is more effective than rewarding
C) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards
D) discouraging the students' anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency
70. The phrase "token economies" (Line 1, Para. 5) probably refers to _________.
A) ways to develop economy
B) systems of rewarding students
C) approaches to solving problems
D) methods of improving performance
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive (认知学派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] 下一页