当前位置:学会吧培训频道外语培训 外语学习基础英语学习英语语法简单句、并列句和复合句(3)» 正文

简单句、并列句和复合句(3)

[10-16 11:24:00]   来源:http://www.xuehuiba.com  英语语法   阅读:8532
概要:二、简单句、并列句和复合句(一)句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种:1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before.2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she?3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class4)感叹句:How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种:1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures fo
简单句、并列句和复合句(3),标签:英语语法学习,英语语法大全,http://www.xuehuiba.com

  二、简单句、并列句和复合句

  (一)句子种类两种分类法

  1、按句子的用途可分四种:

  1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before.

  2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she?

  3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class

  4)感叹句:How clever the boy is!

  2、按句子的结构可分三种:

  1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。

  e.g. He often reads English in the morning.

  Tom and Mike are American boys.

  She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

  2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

  e.g. You help him and he helps you.

  The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。

  3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。

  e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

  (二)简单句的五种基本句型

  1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a student.

  2、主语+不及物动词:e.g. We work.

  3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.

  4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g. My father bought me a car.

  5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.

  注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。

www.xuehuiba.com

  一、句子成分

  (一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

  (二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:

  During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)

  We often speak English in class.(代词)

  One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)

  To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)

  Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)

  The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)

  When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)

  It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)

  (三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:

  1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.

  2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.

  (四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:

  Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)

  Is it yours?(代词)

  The weather has turned cold.(形容词)

  The speech is exciting.(分词)

  Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)

  His job is to teach English.(不定式)

  His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)

  The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)

  Time is up. The class is over.(副词)

  The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)

www.xuehuiba.com

  (五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:

  They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)

  The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)

  How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)

  They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)

  He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)

  I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)

  I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)

  宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.

  (六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:

[1] [2]  下一页


Tag:英语语法英语语法学习,英语语法大全外语培训 外语学习 - 基础英语学习 - 英语语法
Copyright 学会吧 All Right Reserved.
在线学习社区!--学会吧
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13