新托福阅读题型解题攻略(5)
IBT 阅读句意解释题的解决策略
句意解释题也有人称其为“变换措辞题”，也就是用自己的语言来改写文章中的句子或者段落，以不同的方式重新陈述另一句话，保留其内容，而不改变原来句子的意思。在IBT阅读的三篇文章中，每篇文章可能有0-1道这样的题目，每次考试总共有2到3题。
这类型题目的题干表达为：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage？ Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
解决这类题目的三种方法：
第一种：在保持原句序基本不变的前提下进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换；
第二种：在句序不变的前提下再进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换；
第三种：对原句进行总结性重复。
下面我们通过一个例子来看这些方法的具体应用：
Small marketers should be less concerned with whether U.S. and European consumers are alike and more concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences. Attention to the dynamic nature of those factors will produce opportunities for the alert marketer.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage？ Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A marketer who is not so smart should be more concerned with the difference of eating habits between U.S. and European consumers and less concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences.
I t is not important whether U.S. and European consumers have a similar eating habit. I t is the potential similarities and differences that people should be more concerned with.
Marketers should focus on the factors that account for difference rather than the difference themselves.
Monitoring the variety of foods could explain the potential similarities and differences.
解题：
首先，我们来分析这个句子，整个主句的主语为Small marketers，谓语为be concerned with，宾语为factors，这个分析完成之后，我们采用同意替换的方法，替换其中的重点词组-谓语be concerned with，其同义词为focus on.这样替换完之后把两个句子的意思进行比较，得出正确答案C.这道题目采用了第一种方法。
总之，这类题目的解决步骤就是分析句子结构，找出关键词语——找出其中的重要词组进行同义替换——结合整个句子的意思进行重新组织句子——采用排除法找出正确答案。
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与老托福相比较， IBT阅读和其他部分一样有很大的变化。
IBT阅读的主要变化有五点：
1. 题目的数量减少：从之前老托50道题目减少到目前39道；
2. 文章的篇数减少：从之前的5篇减少到目前的3篇；
3. 文章内容的长度增加：内容字数从之前的350字左右增加到目前650-700字/篇；
4. 题目的分数参差不齐：各个类型题目的分数根据其难易程度而定；
5. 出现了三类新题型：句子插入题， 句意解释题目和表格题是新出现的题目类。
解决IBT阅读中的插入句子题的五大步骤
插入句子题是IBT阅读中的新题性。这类题目是给出一句话让我们来判断这句话应加入一个段落中四个方块的哪个部分，用鼠标双击所选的黑色方块即可。做这类题目的关键首先是理解该句子，寻找其中的衔接词，分析这个句子的特点和其在文中的作用，然后把这个句子带入原文中检验其是否合适。
掌握衔接词是解答插入句子题的关键
掌握衔接词对解答这类问题非常重要，因为它是理解上下文和这个句子的逻辑关系的核心。衔接词语主要包括代词（指示代词，例如this， these their， it， such， another ，这些通常是上文提到过的，所以可以采用就近原则来做。）；关键同义词，重复出现的形容词，副词和名词；表示因果，转折等关系的过渡词语：如，therefore， so， however， as a result， consequently， on the contrary， however 等；递进扩展词：如，furthermore， also， as well， too， in addition， moreover， besides， even， additionally等；结构配对词：如，on the one hand…。 on the other hand，some…others，同时还要注意一些表示顺序的词，如first ，second ，third等。
我们来具体来一个例子：
1. But there is also another special kind of conversational flow among Southern women that contributed to their writing. 2. Some of their talk took the form of tales and vignettes told for their own sake.3. Sometimes humorous， sometimes sad； all were as bright as the figures in the fine needlepoint. 4.
Look at the four positions that indicate where the following sentences can be added to the …paragraph of the passage.
These tales included grotesque， comic， and poetic descriptions， character sketches， narratives， gusts of feeling， delicate ironies， and astute observations.